The U.S. Department of Defense and the Role of the Journal of Humanitarian Demining

The Department of Defense (DoD) Humanitarian Demining program would like to thank the staff at James Madison University\u27s Humanitarian Demining Information Center (HDIC) for creating the inaugural issue of The Journal of Humanitarian Demining

XSIM Final Report: Modelling the Past and Future of Identity Management for Scientific Collaborations

US Dept of Energy Next-Generation Networks for Science (NGNS) program Grant No. DE-FG02-12ER2611

A nonhydrostatic version of FVCOM : 2. Mechanistic study of tidally generated nonlinear internal waves in Massachusetts Bay

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (2010): C12049, doi:10.1029/2010JC006331.The generation, propagation, and dissipation processes of large-amplitude nonlinear internal waves in Massachusetts Bay during the stratified season were examined using the nonhydrostatic Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM-NH). The model reproduced well the characteristics of the high-frequency internal waves observed in Massachusetts Bay in August 1998. The model experiments suggested that internal waves over Stellwagen Bank are generated by the interaction of tidal currents with steep bottom topography through a process of forming a large-density front on the western slope of the bank by the release of an initial density perturbation near ebb-flood transition, nonlinear steepening of the density front into a deep density depression, and disintegrating of the density depression into a wave train. Earth's rotation tends to transfer the cross-bank tidal kinetic energy into the along-bank direction and thus reduces the intensity of the density perturbation at ebb-flood transition and density depression in the flood period. The internal wave packet propagates as a leading edge feature of the internal tidal wave, and the faster propagation speed of the high-frequency internal waves in Massachusetts Bay is caused by Earth's rotation. The model experiments suggested that bottom friction can significantly influence the cross-bank scale of the density perturbation and thus the density depression during wave generation and the dissipation during the wave's shoaling. Inclusion of vertical mixing using the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure model had only a marginal effect on wave evolution. The model results support the internal wave theory proposed by Lee and Beardsley (1974) but are in disagreement with the lee-wave mechanism proposed by Maxworthy (1979).This research was supported by NOAA g r a n t s DOC/NOAA/NA04NMF4720332 and DOC/NOAA/ NA05NMF4721131, U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Program NSF grants (OCE‐0606928, OCE‐0712903, OCE‐0732084, OCE‐0726851, OCE0814505), and MIT Sea Grant funds (2006‐RC‐103 and 2010‐R/RC‐116), NOAA NERACOOS Program for the UMASSD team and the Smith Chair in Coastal Oceanography, and NOAA grant (NA‐17RJ1223) for R.C. Beardsley. C. Chen’s contribution is also supported by Shanghai Ocean University under grants A‐2302‐10‐0003 and 09320503700 and the State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University

A wet/dry point treatment method of FVCOM, part I: stability experiments

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chen, C., Qi, J., Liu, H., Beardsley, R., Lin, H., & Cowles, G. A wet/dry point treatment method of FVCOM, part I: stability experiments. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(7), (2022): 896, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070896.A 3-dimensional wet/dry point treatment method was developed for the unstructured-grid Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). Analytical equations were derived to examine discretized errors that occurred during the flooding/drying process by the wet/dry point treatment for the flooding/drying process. Numerical experiments were carried out for an idealized estuary, including the inter-tidal zone. The model results show that if the ratio of internal to external mode time steps (Isplit) is appropriately selected, FVCOM was capable of simulating the flooding/drying process with sufficient accuracy to ensure the mass conservation. The up-bound limit of Isplit was restricted by the bathymetric slope of the inter-tidal zone, external mode time step, horizontal/vertical resolution, and amplitude of tidal forcing at the open boundary, as well as the thickness of the viscous layer specified in the model. Criteria for time steps via these parameters were derived from these experiments, which provide a helpful guide in selectingIsplit for applying FVCOM to realistic geometric estuaries.This research was funded by the Georgia Sea Grant College Program under grant numbers NA26RG0373 and NA66RG0282, the Georgia DNR grants 024409-01 and 026450-01, the NSF Georges Bank/Northwest Atlantic GLOBEC program under grant number NSF-OCE 02-27679, and the SMAST fishery program under the NASA grant number NAG 13-02042

Sucrose Improves Insecticide Activity Against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

The addition of sucrose to insecticides targeting spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), enhanced lethality in laboratory, semifield, and field tests. In the laboratory, 0.1% sucrose added to a spray solution enhanced spotted wing drosophila feeding. Flies died 120 min earlier when exposed to spinosad residues at label rates enhanced with sucrose. Added sucrose reduced the LC50 for dried acetamiprid residues from 82 to 41 ppm in the spray solution. Laboratory bioassays of spotted wing drosophila mortality followed exposure to grape and blueberry foliage and/or fruit sprayed and aged in the field. On grape foliage, the addition of 2.4 g/liter of sugar with insecticide sprays resulted in an 11 and 6% increase of spotted wing drosophila mortality at 1 and 2 d exposures to residues, respectively, averaged over seven insecticides with three concentrations. In a separate experiment, spinetoram and cyantraniliprole reduced by 95-100% the larval infestation of blueberries, relative to the untreated control, 7 d after application at labeled rates when applied with 1.2 g/liter sucrose in a spray mixture, irrespective of rainfall; without sucrose infestation was reduced by 46-91%. Adding sugar to the organically acceptable spinosyn, Entrust, reduced larval infestation of strawberries by >50% relative to without sugar for five of the six sample dates during a season-long field trial. In a small-plot field test with blueberries, weekly applications in alternating sprays of sucrose plus reduced-risk insecticides, spinetoram or acetamiprid, reduced larval infestation relative to the untreated control by 76%; alternating bifenthrin and phosmet (without sucrose) reduced infestation by 65

Subtotal Pancreatectomy for Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis results when pancreatic structure or function is irreversibly damaged by repeated or ongoing inflammation, regardless of the underlying etiology. Most patients present with medically intractable pain and radiological evidence of diffuse gland involvement. Surgical therapy is directed mainly toward palliation of symptoms, and cure is unusual except when the inflammatory process is limited to a specific segment of the pancreas. Surgical strategy should be individualized on the basis of alterations in pancreatic morphology and duct anatomy. In properly selected patients, duct drainage procedures effectively relieve pain and preserve pancreatic function with low perioperative morbidity and mortality. Extensive distal pancreatectomy is effective in relieving pain, but it can be technically challenging and in general should be limited to patients with small-duct disease because of severe metabolic consequences. Intraportal islet cell autotransplantation or segmental pancreatic autotransplantation may ameliorate the long-term effects of insulin-dependent diabetes, but it will have limited applicability until methods for optimizing and purifying islets are developed and the optimal route and site of islet cell implantation have been identified.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41297/1/268_2003_Article_7242.pd

A new high-resolution unstructured grid finite volume Arctic Ocean model (AO-FVCOM) : an application for tidal studies

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): C08017, doi:10.1029/2008JC004941.A spherical coordinate version of the unstructured grid 3-D FVCOM (finite volume coastal ocean model) has been applied to the Arctic Ocean to simulate tides with a horizontal resolution ranging from 1 km in the near-coastal areas to 15 km in the deep ocean. By accurately resolving the irregular coastlines and bathymetry in the Arctic Ocean coastal regions, this model reproduces the diurnal (K1 and O1) and semidiurnal (M2 and S2) tidal wave dynamics and captures the complex tidal structure along the coast, particularly in the narrow straits of the Canadian Archipelago. The simulated tidal parameters (harmonic constituents of sea surface elevation and currents) agree well with the available observational data. High-resolution meshes over the continental shelf and slope capture the detailed spatial structure of topographic trapped shelf waves, which are quite energetic along the Greenland, Siberia, and Spitsbergen continental slope and shelf break areas. Water stratification influences the vertical distribution of tidal currents but not the water transport and thus tidal elevation. The comparison with previous finite difference models suggests that horizontal resolution and geometric fitting are two prerequisites to simulate realistically the tidal energy flux in the Arctic Ocean, particularly in the Canadian Archipelago.This research was supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs through grants OPP ARC-0712903, ARC- 0732084, and ARC-0804029 for C. Chen, G. Gao, and G. Cowles; OPP ARC-0804010 and ARC-0712848 for A. Proshutinsky; OPP ANT-0523223, ARC0712848, NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1223 (409) and the WHOI Smith Chair for R. C. Beardsley. J. Qi was supported by the SMAST fishery program under NOAA grants NA04NMF4720332 and NA05NMF4721131. The spherical coordinate version of FVCOM was developed with initial funds from NSF grants OCE-0606928 and OCE- 0726851. Gao was also supported by the Chinese NSF Arctic Ocean grant under contract 40476007

Trusted CI Experiences in Cybersecurity and Service to Open Science

This article describes experiences and lessons learned from the Trusted CI project, funded by the US National Science Foundation to serve the community as the NSF Cybersecurity Center of Excellence. Trusted CI is an effort to address cybersecurity for the open science community through a single organization that provides leadership, training, consulting, and knowledge to that community. The article describes the experiences and lessons learned of Trusted CI regarding both cybersecurity for open science and managing the process of providing centralized services to a broad and diverse community.Comment: 8 pages, PEARC '19: Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing, July 28-August 1, 2019, Chicago, IL, US

FVCOM validation experiments : comparisons with ROMS for three idealized barotropic test problems

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (2008): C07042, doi:10.1029/2007JC004557.The unstructured-grid Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) is evaluated using three idealized benchmark test problems: the Rossby equatorial soliton, the hydraulic jump, and the three-dimensional barotropic wind-driven basin. These test cases examine the properties of numerical dispersion and damping, the performance of the nonlinear advection scheme for supercritical flow conditions, and the accuracy of the implicit vertical viscosity scheme in barotropic settings, respectively. It is demonstrated that FVCOM provides overall a second-order spatial accuracy for the vertically averaged equations (i.e., external mode), and with increasing grid resolution the model-computed solutions show a fast convergence toward the analytic solutions regardless of the particular triangulation method. Examples are provided to illustrate the ability of FVCOM to facilitate local grid refinement and speed up computation. Comparisons are also made between FVCOM and the structured-grid Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) for these test cases. For the linear problem in a simple rectangular domain, i.e., the wind-driven basin case, the performance of the two models is quite similar. For the nonlinear case, such as the Rossby equatorial soliton, the second-order advection scheme used in FVCOM is almost as accurate as the fourth-order advection scheme implemented in ROMS if the horizontal resolution is relatively high. FVCOM has taken advantage of the new development in computational fluid dynamics in resolving flow problems containing discontinuities. One salient feature illustrated by the three-dimensional barotropic wind-driven basin case is that FVCOM and ROMS simulations show different responses to the refinement of grid size in the horizontal and in the vertical.For this work, H. Huang and G. Cowles were supported by the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute (MFI) through NOAA grants DOC/NOAA/NA04NMF4720332 and DOC/ NOAA/NA05NMF472113; C. Chen was supported by NSF grants (OCE0234545, OCE0606928, OCE0712903, OCE0732084, and OCE0726851), NOAA grants (NA160P2323, NA06RG0029, and NA960P0113), MIT Sea grant (2006-RC-103), and Georgia Sea grant (NA26RG0373 and NA66RG0282); C. Winant was supported through NSF grant OCE-0726673; R. Beardsley was supported through NSF OCE—0227679 and the WHOI Smith Chair; K. Hedstrom was supported through NASA grant NAG13– 03021 and the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center; and D. Haidvogel was supported through grants ONR N00014- 03-1-0683 and NSF OCE 043557

Fast Hamiltonian sampling for large scale structure inference

In this work we present a new and efficient Bayesian method for nonlinear three dimensional large scale structure inference. We employ a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) sampler to obtain samples from a multivariate highly non-Gaussian lognormal Poissonian density posterior given a set of observations. The HMC allows us to take into account the nonlinear relations between the observations and the underlying density field which we seek to recover. As the HMC provides a sampled representation of the density posterior any desired statistical summary, such as the mean, mode or variance, can be calculated from the set of samples. Further, it permits us to seamlessly propagate non-Gaussian uncertainty information to any final quantity inferred from the set of samples. The developed method is extensively tested in a variety of test scenarios, taking into account a highly structured survey geometry and selection effects. Tests with a mock galaxy catalog based on the millennium run show that the method is able to recover the filamentary structure of the nonlinear density field. The results further demonstrate the feasibility of non-Gaussian sampling in high dimensional spaces, as required for precision nonlinear large scale structure inference. The HMC is a flexible and efficient method, which permits for simple extension and incorporation of additional observational constraints. Thus, the method presented here provides an efficient and flexible basis for future high precision large scale structure inference.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure